编程是一种控制计算机的方式,和我们平时双击打开文件、关机、重启没有任何区别
一、软件环境
编译软件的安装与使用
![图片[1]-第1讲 C++入门及简单的顺序结构-1周编程网](http://www.1zhou.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/home-screenshot-mac.png)
二、编写一个简单的C++程序——手速练习
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Hello World" << endl;
return 0;
}
三、语法基础
- 变量的定义
变量必须先定义,才可以使用。不能重名。
变量定义的方式:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 5;
int b, c = a, d = 10 / 2;
return 0;
}
常用变量类型及范围:
![图片[2]-第1讲 C++入门及简单的顺序结构-1周编程网](http://www.1zhou.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1_5e05573e72-4-1024x272.png?v=1645928299)
- 输入输出
整数的输入输出:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
cout << a + b << endl;
return 0;
}
字符串的输入输出:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str;
cin >> str;
cout << str;
return 0;
}
输入输出多个不同类型的变量:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, b;
string str;
cin >> a;
cin >> b >> str;
cout << str << " !!! " << a + b << endl;
return 0;
}
- 表达式
整数的加减乘除四则运算:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 6 + 3 * 4 / 2 - 2;
cout << a << endl;
int b = a * 10 + 5 / 2;
cout << b << endl;
cout << 23 * 56 - 78 / 3 << endl;
return 0;
}
![图片[3]-第1讲 C++入门及简单的顺序结构-1周编程网](http://www.1zhou.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/1_22d9b8af72-5-1024x274.png?v=1645929094)
浮点数(小数)的运算:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float x = 1.5, y = 3.2;
cout << x * y << ' ' << x + y << endl;
cout << x - y << ' ' << x / y << endl;
return 0;
}
整型变量的自增、自减:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 1;
int b = a ++ ;
cout << a << ' ' << b << endl;
int c = ++ a;
cout << a << ' ' << c << endl;
return 0;
}
变量的类型转换:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float x = 123.12;
int y = (int)x;
cout << x << ' ' << y << endl;
return 0;
}
- 顺序语句
(1) 输出第二个整数:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
cin >> a >> b >> c;
cout << b << endl;
return 0;
}
(2) 计算 (a + b) * c的值
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, b, c;
cin >> a >> b >> c;
cout << (a + b) * c << endl;
return 0;
}
(3) 带余除法
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a, b;
cin >> a >> b;
int c = a / b, d = a % b;
cout << c << ' ' << d << endl;
return 0;
}
(4) 求反三位数:
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n;
cin >> n;
int a = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
int b = n % 10;
n = n / 10;
int c = n;
cout << a << b << c << endl;
return 0;
}
(5) 交换两个整数
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a = 3, b = 4;
int t = a;
a = b;
b = t;
cout << a << ' ' << b << endl;
return 0;
}
(6) 输出菱形
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
char c;
cin >> c;
cout << " " << c << endl;
cout << " " << c << c << c << endl;
cout << c << c << c << c << c << endl;
cout << " " << c << c << c << endl;
cout << " " << c << endl;
return 0;
}
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